و ثالثها تخصص الوجود بإضافته إلى الماهيات المختلفة الذوات و عروضه لها فيختلف
باختلافها بالعرض

“… in accordance with the different quiddities to which existence is related, and which differentiate it accidentally in accordance with their difference. ” (Bidayat al-Hikmah – Allama Tabatabai – trans. Sayyid Ali uli Qarai).

…”Letters written with ink do not really exist qua letters. For the letters are but various forms to which meanings have been assigned through convention. What really and concretely exists is nothing but ink. The “existence” of the letters is in truth no other than the “existence” of the ink which is the sole, unique reality that unfolds itself in many forms of self-modification. One has to cultivate, first of all, the eye to see the selfsame reality of ink in all letters, and then to see the letters as so many intrinsic modifications of the ink.” (The concept and Reality of Existence by Toshihiko Izutusu.)

Haydar Amuli … “The sea, when it is determined by the form of the wave, is called waves. The selfsame water, when determined by the form of the river, is called a river, and when determined by form of the brook, is called a brook. In the same way, it is called rain, snow, ice, etc. In reality, however, there is absolutely nothing but sea or water, for the wave, river, brook, etc. are merely names indicating the sea. In truth (i.e. in its absolutely unconditioned reality ) it bears no name; there is nothing whatsoever to indicate it. No, it’s a matter of sheer linguistic convention even to designate it by word sea itself”. And he adds that exactly the same is true of “existence” or “reality”. (ibid)